Backpacking Through History: Top Historical Routes – Each National Science and Historic Trail has a curved triangle logo used to indicate its route and landmarks.
The National Trail System is a series of trails in the United States designated “to promote the preservation of, public access to, travel within, and the enjoyment and appreciation of the nation’s opera, outdoor areas, and historic resources.”
Backpacking Through History: Top Historical Routes
There are four types of trails: national trails, national historic trails, national recreation trails, and connecting or secondary trails. National trails provide opportunities for hiking and historical education, as well as horseback riding, biking, camping, driving, water sports, and other activities. The National Trail System consists of 11 National Trails, 21 National Historic Trails, over 1,300 National Recreational Trails and several connecting and secondary trails, as well as one National Geological Trail, totaling more than 91,000 miles (150,000 km). Science and historical trails are in every state, with Virginia and Wyoming having the most, with six.
The Great American Road Trip
In response to President Lyndon B. Johnson to have a cooperative program to build public trails for “today’s forgotten outdoors” in both urban and backcountry areas, the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation published a report in 1966 titled Trails for America.
The study made recommendations for a network of national trails, park and forest trails, and trails in the metropolitan area to provide recreational opportunities, with evaluations of several possible trails, both scientific and historic.
The Long Distance Nature Trails Program was created on October 2, 1968, by the National Trail System Act, which also designated two National Trails, the Appalachian Trail and the Pacific Crest Trail, and called for fourteen additional trails to be studied. for possible inclusion.
Part of the impetus for the bill was threats to development along the Appalachian Trail, which was at risk of losing its wilderness character,
National Trails System
In 1978, as a result of a study of trails that were most significant for their historic associations, National Historic Trails were created as a new category with four trails designated that year. Since 1968, over forty trail routes have been studied for inclusion in the system.
Scientific and historic trails are congressionally established long-distance trails administered by the National Park Service (NPS), the United States Forest Service (USFS), and/or the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). These agencies may acquire land to protect key rights of way, sites, resources and views, although trails have no fixed boundaries.
They work in cooperation with each other, states, local governments, land trusts and private landowners to coordinate and protect the lands and structures along these trails, making them accessible to the public.
These partnerships between agency administrators and local site managers are vital to protecting resources and the visitor experience.
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The Federal International Council for the National Trail System promotes cooperation and standardization in the development and protection of trails.
National recreation trails and connecting and secondary trails do not require congressional action, but are recognized by actions of the Secretary of the Interior or the Secretary of Agriculture. The National Trails are supported by volunteers at private nonprofit organizations that work with federal agencies within the Partnership for the National Trail System and other trail-specific advocacy groups.
Elev National Trails are established to provide opportunities for outdoor recreation and to preserve parts of the natural landscape of significant scientific, natural, cultural, or historical significance.
These trails are continuous non-motorized long-distance trails that can be backpacked d-to-d or hiked for short sections, except for the Natchez Trace NST, which consists of five shorter, disconnected trail segments.
Historic Routes & Heritage Trails
The Trails for America report states, “Each National Science Trail should stand out in its own right as a recreational resource of superlative quality and physical challenge.”
Most notably, the national trail system provides access to the top of the Appalachian Mountains in the east via the Appalachian Trail, the Rockies in the west via the Continental Divide Trail, and the Cascade and Sierra Nevada ranges on the Pacific Ridge. A trail that constitutes the Triple Crown of hiking. Other highlights include the southern wetlands and Gulf Coast of the Florida Trail, the North Woods of the North Country Trail, the diversity of the Southwest mountains and ecosystems of the Arizona Trail, and the remote highland landscape near the Canadian border on the Pacific Northwest Trail.
They have a total length of approximately 17,800 mi (28,650 km). Due to the extent of construction of route realignments, segment alternatives and measurement methods, some sources differ in their distances reported and values may be rounded.
In 2022, Arlette Laan, whose route name was “Apple Pie”, became the first woman known to have fully climbed all of the national routes.
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Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine
Spanning the Appalachian Mountains from Mount Springer in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine, this trail dating back to the 1920s sees about a thousand hikers each year, along with millions of short-term visitors. Major parks on the route include Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Shandoa National Park, Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (pictured), and White Mountain National Forest.
Spanning the length of the state’s tire from Coronado National Monument (pictured) near the Mexican border to Utah, this trail covers Arizona’s diverse deserts, mountains, and canyons. Four scientific regions have different landscapes and biotic communities: the Sky Islands with Saguaro National Park and Coronado National Forest, the Sonoran Highlands of Tonto National Forest, the volcano field crossing the peaks of San Francisco, and the highlands divided by the Grand Canyon.
Running from Mexico to Canada, the Continental Divide divides the nation’s rivers between those that flow into the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Mainly following the crest of the Rocky Mountains, its main sites include El Malpais National Monument; The Gila Wilderness; Wind River Range; and Rocky Mountain, Yellowstone, and Glacier National Parks (pictured).
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The Florida Trail runs from the wetlands of Big Cypress National Preserve to the beaches of the Gulf Islands National Seashore, going around Lake Okeechobee and through the Ocala, Osceola, and Apalachicola National Forests and many state forests and parks.
This trail follows the terminal moraine of the Wisconsin Glacier that covered much of North America during the last Ice Age. When it retreated about 10,000 years ago, it left behind cauldrons, holes, soldiers, daggers, drums and glacial outcrops, six of which are part of the Ice Age National Science Reserve (Kettle Moraine State Forest pictured).
The Natchez Trail was used for centuries by Native Americans who followed animal migration routes as trade routes. It became a major route for settlers to the South in the 1800s and 1810s before falling into disuse, and is now preserved as the Natchez Trace Parkway. The full built-in length is undeveloped and the course consists of five disconnected sections – from three to twenty-six miles long – through forests and prairies to the 444 km (276 mi) parking lot.
This hiking trail includes the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, the Metacomet Trail (Rugdena Mountain pictured), and the Mattabeset Trail from Long Island Sound to the New Hampshire border. It crosses the mountains of the Metacomet Range, connecting small towns, farms and forests with lakes and ridges of traprock.
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This trail reaches from Lake Sakakawea State Park in North Dakota to the junction with the Appalachian Trail in Gree Mountain National Forest in Vermont. Along its route, the trail passes through eight states and more than 150 parcels of land protected at the federal, state or local level.
The DSP follows the passes and peaks of the San Bernardino Mountains, the Sierra Nevada, the Cascades, and several other ranges from the Mexican to Canadian borders. It passes through 7 national parks, including Yosemite, Crater Lake and the North Cascades, and 25 national forests, for a route that passes through deserts, glacial mountains, pristine forests and lakes, and volcanic peaks. More than half is in federal wilderness (Alpine Lakes Wilderness pictured).
Connecting the Continental Divide in Glacier National Park with the Pacific Ocean in Olympic National Park, this trail features the Rocky Mountains, Okanogan Highlands, North Cascades, Puget Sound (including ferry ride), and the Olympic Peninsula (Olympic National Park pictured).
The Potomac River is a corridor that connects the nation’s capital with historic trade and transportation routes to the ocean and the interior. This network of trails includes the Laurel Highlands Trail and Great Allegi Pass in the Allegi Mountains, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Towpath (Great Falls pictured), the Mount Vernon Trail to George Washington’s Estate, the Estuary Bike Trails, and more several paths.
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The 21 National Historic Trails are designated to protect the routes of significant land or waterways that reflect the nation’s history.
They depict the earliest European voyages to the country in the Chesapeake Bay and along the Spanish royal roads; the nation’s struggle for independence on the Mount Victory National Historic Trail and the Washington-Rochambault Revolutionary Route; westward migrations on the Oregon, California, and Mormon Trails, which traverse some of the same route; and the development of continental trade on the Santa Fe Trail, the Old Spanish Trail, and the Pony Express.
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